The extraordinary success of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
has renewed interest in mRNA as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins. Early clinical …

Immunotherapy has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of
immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing, with numerous treatments in clinical …

Following the discovery of nucleic acids by Friedrich Miescher in 1868, DNA and RNA were
recognized as the genetic code containing the necessary information for proper cell …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents a growth factor with important pro-
angiogenic activity, having a mitogenic and an anti-apoptotic effect on endothelial cells …

Despite the advancement in medicine, management of heart failure (HF), which usually
presents as a disease syndrome, has been a challenge to healthcare providers. This is …

Atherosclerosis is a multifocal alteration of the vascular wall of medium and large arteries
characterized by a local accumulation of cholesterol and non-resolving inflammation …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from almost all tissues and effectively
expanded in vitro. Although their true in situ properties and biological functions remain to be …

Current therapies for heart failure after myocardial infarction are limited and non-curative.
Although regenerative approaches are receiving significant attention, clinical efforts that …

Alternatively activated (also known as M2) macrophages are involved in the repair of various
types of organs. However, the contribution of M2 macrophages to cardiac repair after …

Chemically modified mRNA is an efficient, biocompatible modality for therapeutic protein
expression. We report a first-time-in-human study of this modality, aiming to evaluate safety …