Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Most metastatic cancers remain incurable due to the emergence of apoptosis-resistant
clones, fuelled by intratumour heterogeneity and tumour evolution. To improve treatment …

Caspases are proteolytic enzymes that belong to the cysteine protease family and play a
crucial role in homeostasis and programmed cell death. Caspases have been broadly …

Caspases are a family of conserved cysteine proteases that play key roles in programmed
cell death and inflammation. In multicellular organisms, caspases are activated via …

Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic
biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated …

Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis are the most genetically well-defined programmed
cell death (PCD) pathways, and they are intricately involved in both homeostasis and …

Pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, which are the most well-studied
regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, contribute to the clearance of infected or potentially …

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

Renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of
injuries including hypoxia, proteinuria, toxins, metabolic disorders, and senescence. It has …

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an etiologically complicated and relapsing gastrointestinal disease, is
characterized by the damage of mucosal epithelium and destruction of the intestinal …