BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Chronic stress and depressive-like behaviors in basic neuroscience research have been
associated with impairments of neuroplasticity, such as neuronal atrophy and synaptic loss …

The cortical patterning principle has been a long-standing question in neuroscience, yet
how this translates to macroscale functional specialization in the human brain remains …

Importance Studies investigating the association of threat-related and deprivation-related
adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with later-life cognitive decline are lacking …

Evolution is a blind fitting process by which organisms become adapted to their
environment. Does the brain use similar brute-force fitting processes to learn how to …

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in
the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition …

Adult cortical areas consist of specialized cell types and circuits that support unique higher-
order cognitive functions. How this regional diversity develops from an initially uniform …

This review summarizes early human motor development. From early fetal age motor
behavior is based on spontaneous neural activity: activity of networks in the brainstem and …

A growing body of research has examined the impact of childhood adversity on neural
structure and function. Advances in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental …

Learning and memory are two of the most magical capabilities of our mind. Learning is the
biological process of acquiring new knowledge about the world, and memory is the process …