Ecosystem services are natural processes that benefit humans. Birds contribute the four
types of services recognized by the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment—provisioning …

Glacial cycles have played a dominant role in sha** the genetic structure and distribution
of biota in northwestern North America. The two major ice age refugia of Beringia and the …

▪ Abstract A moment estimator of θ, the coancestry coefficient for alleles within a population,
was described by Weir & Cockerham in 1984 and is still widely cited. The estimate is used …

Understanding the factors that contribute to the formation of population genetic structure is a
central goal of phylogeographic research, but achieving this goal can be complicated by the …

Eight white pine species are widely distributed among the forests of western Canada and
the United States. The different forest communities with these species contribute biodiversity …

Seed dispersal mutualisms with scatter-hoarders play a crucial role in population dynamics
of temperate large-seeded trees. These behaviors shape seed dispersal patterns, which can …

We examine the evolution of mesic forest ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest of North
America using a statistical phylogeography approach in four animal and two plant lineages …

A long-term genetic legacy of refugial isolation has been postulated and was demonstrated
for maternal refugial lineages for numerous plant and animal species. The lineages were …

The disjunct distribution of forests in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent Helan
Shan and Daqing Shan highlands provides an excellent model to examine vegetation shifts …

Range‐wide variation of maritime pine was studied at maternally inherited and paternally
inherited markers (mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA). While chloroplast DNA exhibits …