Revenue generated through the criminal justice system has become a key component of
local government budgets across the United States. Although numerous restrictions exist to …

We are at a watershed moment in which growing national protest and public outcry over
police injustice and brutality, especially against people of color, are animating new …

The efficiency of any police action depends on the relative magnitude of its crime-reducing
benefits and legitimacy costs. Policing strategies that are socially efficient at the city level …

Simultaneity complicates the estimation of the causal effect of police on crime. We overcome
this obstacle by focusing on a mass layoff of Oregon State Police in February of 2003. Due …

While survey evidence suggests widespread financial fragility in the US, causal evidence on
the implications of typical, negative income shocks is scarce. I estimate the impact of …

We exploit local deficits and state-level differences in police revenue retention from civil
asset forfeitures to estimate how incentives to raise revenue influence policing. In a national …

We estimate the impact of financial sanctions in the US criminal justice system, leveraging
nine natural experiments in a regression discontinuity design framework across a diverse …

Using a dynamic transfer function model-based methodology, this study analyzes the joint
influence of legislation changes, enforcement and compliance with driving regulations in …

This article investigates a trend in the Chicago region that defies conventional accounts of
municipal politics and revenue-motivated policing: since the Great Recession, higher …

Safer roads and police enforcement are closely associated since the latter directly
encourages road users to improve their behavior by complying with basic traffic rules and …