Cytokines are involved in neural homeostasis and pathological processes associated with
neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). The biological effect of cytokines, including …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). In
physiological conditions, resting microglia maintain tissue integrity by scanning the entire …

Object Therapies that use bioactive materials as replacement extracellular matrices may
hold the potential to mitigate the inhibition of regeneration observed after central nervous …

Preclinical studies for spinal cord injury (SCI) have utilized transection and contusion injury
paradigms even though human SCIs occur by a spectrum of primary injury mechanisms …

It has been demonstrated that transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
(BMSCs) improves recovery of injured spinal cord in animal models. However, the …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent non-traumatic neurological
debilitating disease among young adults with no cure. Over recent decades, efforts to treat …

Activated microglia may exacerbate damage in neural disorders; however, it is unknown
how they affect stem cells transplanted after stroke. Focal ischemia was induced by …

Inflammation in the CNS predominantly involves microglia and macrophages, and is
believed to be a significant cause of secondary injury following trauma. This study compares …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs is commonly attributed to intervertebral disc extrusion
(IVDE). Over the last years substantial progress was made in the elucidation of factors …

Spinal cord injury leads to a devastating cascade of secondary complications that eventually
results in the formation of scar tissue many times the size of the original insult. Inflammation …