Trapped ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing (QC).
The basic requirements for universal QC have all been demonstrated with ions, and …

BACKGROUND The past two decades have seen intense efforts aimed at building quantum
computing hardware with the potential to solve problems that are intractable on classical …

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger
quantum system,. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of …

Quantum key distribution (QKD) constitutes a symmetric secret key negotiation protocol
capable of maintaining information-theoretic security. Given the recent advances in QKD …

Controlling and programming quantum devices to process quantum information by the unit
of quantum dit, ie, qudit, provides the possibilities for noise-resilient quantum …

Quantum annealing (QA) is a heuristic quantum optimization algorithm that can be used to
solve combinatorial optimization problems. In recent years, advances in quantum …

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical
variational algorithm designed to tackle combinatorial optimization problems. Despite its …

Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) convert signals from the electrical to the optical domain.
They are at the heart of optical communication, microwave signal processing, sensing, and …

A quantum simulator is a type of quantum computer that controls the interactions between
quantum bits (or qubits) in a way that can be mapped to certain quantum many-body …

Most quantum computers use binary encoding to store information in qubits—the quantum
analogue of classical bits. Yet, the underlying physical hardware consists of information …