Infrared difference spectroscopy probes vibrational changes of proteins upon their
perturbation. Compared with other spectroscopic methods, it stands out by its sensitivity to …

Conspectus Ultrafast spectroscopy and imaging have become tools utilized by a broad
range of scientists involved in materials, energy, biological, and chemical sciences …

The photoisomerization reaction of a fluorescent protein chromophore occurs on the ultrafast
timescale. The structural dynamics that result from femtosecond optical excitation have …

Large Stokes shift (LSS) red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) are highly desirable for bioimaging
advances. The RFP mKeima, with coexisting cis‐and trans‐isomers, holds significance as …

Light is an exceptional external stimulus for establishing precise control over the properties
and functions of chemical and biological systems, which is enabled through the use of …

Reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) serve as markers in advanced
fluorescence imaging. Photoswitching from a non-fluorescent off-state to a fluorescent on …

Fluorogenic RNA aptamers are synthetic functional RNAs that specifically bind and activate
conditional fluorophores. The Chili RNA aptamer mimics large Stokes shift fluorescent …

Dynamical changes in protein structures are essential for protein function and occur over
femtoseconds to seconds timescales. X‐ray free electron lasers have facilitated …

The versatile functions of fluorescent proteins (FPs) as fluorescence biomarkers depend on
their intrinsic chromophores interacting with the protein environment. Besides X-ray …

Protein assembly is the structural basis for the collaboration between proteins to accomplish
life activities due to its realization of the domain‐limited and precise spatial arrangement of …