Gliomas are intrinsic brain tumors that originate from neuroglial progenitor cells.
Conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have achieved …

Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer.
Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant …

Abstract l-Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in
the regulation of immunity, neuronal function and intestinal homeostasis. Imbalances in Trp …

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy relies on energized cytotoxic T cells attacking tumour
tissue systemically. However, for many cancers, the reliance on T cell infiltration leads to low …

In recent years, conventional treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy
have been the main approaches in tumour therapy. Cancer immunotherapy is a new …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) has immunoregulatory roles associated with tryptophan
metabolism. These include counter-regulation (controlling inflammation) and acquired …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) catalyze
the commitment step of the kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway. Traditionally the …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that
converts the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into downstream catabolites known as …

Approximately one‐half of patients with newly diagnosed cancer and many patients with
persistent or recurrent tumors receive radiotherapy (RT), with the explicit goal of eliminating …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO; IDO1; INDO) is a rate-limiting enzyme that
metabolizes the essential amino acid, tryptophan, into downstream kynurenines …