Abstract The Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) was developed for flight on the Magnetospheric
Multiscale (MMS) mission to measure the differential directional flux of magnetospheric …

Abstract Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), a NASA four-spacecraft constellation mission
launched on March 12, 2015, will investigate magnetic reconnection in the boundary …

Magnetic reconnection is known to be an important process for coupling solar wind mass
and momentum into the Earth's magnetosphere. Reconnection is initiated in an electron …

Abstract The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission and operations are designed to
provide the maximum reconnection science. The mission phases are chosen to investigate …

Plasma convection on a global scale is a fundamental feature of planetary magnetosphere.
The Dungey cycle explains that steady-state convection within the closed part of the …

Wave-particle resonance, a ubiquitous process in the plasma universe, occurs when
resonant particles observe a constant wave phase to enable sustained energy transfer …

Ionospheric ions (mainly H+, He+, and O+) escape from the ionosphere and populate the
Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the …

Both solar wind and ionospheric sources contribute to the magnetotail plasma sheet, but
how their contribution changes during a geomagnetic storm is an open question. The source …

Alfvén waves are fundamental plasma wave modes that permeate the universe. At small
kinetic scales, they provide a critical mechanism for the transfer of energy between …

Energy circulation in geospace lies at the heart of space weather research. In the inner
magnetosphere, the steep plasmapause boundary separates the cold dense plasmasphere …