The regulation of gene expression is fundamental for life. Whereas the role of transcriptional
regulation of gene expression has been studied for several decades, it has been clear over …

Redox reactions are intrinsically linked to energy metabolism. Therefore, redox processes
are indispensable for organismal physiology and life itself. The term reactive oxygen species …

Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development
and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins …

ATF4 is a cellular stress induced bZIP transcription factor that is a hallmark effector of the
integrated stress response. The integrated stress response is triggered by phosphorylation …

BACKGROUND The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved
intracellular signaling network that helps the cell, tissue, and organism to adapt to a variable …

A notable number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients develop CD19-positive
relapse within 1 year after receiving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. It …

Recent clinical data have suggested a correlation between coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) and diabetes. Here, we describe the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen in …

Cells rely on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to fold and assemble newly synthesized
transmembrane and secretory proteins—essential for cellular structure–function and for both …

Abstract Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/cAMP response
element-binding (CREB) family, plays a critical role as a stress-induced transcription factor. It …

Cancer cells encounter numerous stresses that pose a threat to their survival. Tumor
microenviroment stresses that perturb protein homeostasis can produce endoplasmic …