Cilia and flagella are fundamental units of motion in cellular biology. These beating, hair-like
organelles share a common basic structure but maintain widely varying functions in systems …

The transient receptor potential superfamily of ion channels (TRP channels) is widely
recognized for the roles its members play in sensory nervous systems. However, the …

Animal bodies are composed of cell types with unique expression programs that implement
their distinct locations, shapes, structures, and functions. Based on these properties, cell …

Animals display selective escape behaviors when faced with environmental threats.
Selection of the appropriate response by the underlying neuronal network is key to …

Discussions of the function of early nervous systems usually focus on a causal flow from
sensors to effectors, by which an animal coordinates its actions with exogenous changes in …

Motile cilia are miniature, whip-like organelles whose beating generates a directional fluid
flow. The flow generated by ciliated epithelia is a subject of great interest, as defective ciliary …

All animals evolved from a single lineage of unicellular precursors more than 600 million
years ago. Thus, the biological and genetic foundations for animal sensation, cognition and …

Cells need to sense their mechanical environment during the growth of develo** tissues
and maintenance of adult tissues. The concept of force-sensing mechanisms that act …

The evolutionary origin of the nervous system has been a matter of long-standing debate.
This is due to the different perspectives taken. Earlier studies addressed nervous system …

Abstract Purpose of Review Osteocytes are the most abundant bone cells. They are
completely encased in mineralized tissue, sitting inside lacunae that are connected by a …