Macroautophagy and microautophagy are highly conserved eukaryotic cellular processes
that degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. Both pathways involve characteristic …

Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably reproducing cells. It is governed by biochemical
pathways that have escaped the regulatory bounds of normal homeostatic balance. This …

Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

Malignant transformation is characterized by dysregulation of diverse cellular processes that
have been the subject of detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural studies, but only …

Autophagy is the process of cellular self-eating by a double-membrane organelle, the
autophagosome. A range of signaling processes converge on two protein complexes to …

Many biomolecules undergo liquid–liquid phase separation to form liquid-like condensates
that mediate diverse cellular functions,. Autophagy is able to degrade such condensates …

In eukaryotic cells, various membrane-bound organelles compartmentalize diverse cellular
activities in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Numerous membraneless …

Certain proteins and organelles can be selectively degraded by autophagy. Typical
substrates and receptors of selective autophagy have LC3-interacting regions (LIRs) that …

Autophagosome biogenesis is a dynamic membrane event, which is executed by the
sequential function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Upon autophagy induction, a cup …