Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease that has caused serious economic losses
for the global pig industry and is widely prevalent worldwide. In recent decades, CSF has …

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious swine
disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has caused significant economic losses to …

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by a variety of cells during the process of virus
infection. It can activate the transcription of multiple functional genes in cells, regulate the …

African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) has tropism for macrophages, which seems to play a
crucial role in disease pathogenesis and viral dissemination. Previous studies showed that …

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) causes sporadic outbreaks of vesicular disease in the
southwestern United States. The intrinsic characteristics of epidemic strains associated with …

Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are commonly used to reduce the impact of porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) but limited efficacy is achieved in field …

Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) for defense
against numerous viral infections, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV). However, the …

Live attenuated C-strain classical swine fever vaccines provide early onset protection. These
vaccines confer effective protection against the disease at 5–7 days post-vaccination. It was …

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a highly contagious pathogen, which pose continuous
threat to the swine industry. Though most attenuated vaccines are effective, they fail to …

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands are attracting increasing attention as prophylactic and
immunotherapeutic agents against pathogens and tumors. We previously observed that a …