Marine sponges often contain diverse and abundant microbial communities, including
bacteria, archaea, microalgae, and fungi. In some cases, these microbial associates …

Taxonomically diverse marine, freshwater and terrestrial organisms have evolved the
capacity to synthesize, accumulate and metabolize a variety of UV-absorbing substances …

The discovery of phylogenetically complex, yet highly sponge-specific microbial
communities in marine sponges, including novel lineages and even candidate phyla, came …

Many marine organisms have coevolved symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
in nitrogen limited environments such as coral reefs. In addition, some of these organisms …

Background Nitrogen, a component of many bio-molecules, is essential for growth and
development of all organisms. Most nitrogen exists in the atmosphere, and utilisation of this …

Coral reefs are iconic examples of biological hotspots, highly appreciated because of their
ecosystem services. Yet, they are threatened by human impact and climate change …

Sponges can host abundant and diverse communities of symbiotic microorganisms. In this
chapter, we review recent work in the area of sponge–microbe symbioses, focusing on (1) …

To investigate the importance of symbiont‐derived nutrition to host sponges, we coupled
manipulative shading experiments with stable isotope analyses of isolated symbiont and …

Compared to our understanding of the taxonomic composition of the symbiotic microbes in
marine sponges, the functional diversity of these symbionts is largely unknown. Furthermore …

Cyanobacteria have dominated marine environments and have been reef builders on Earth
for more than three million years (myr). Cyanobacteria still play an essential role in modern …