Genetic studies have typically inferred the effects of human impact by documenting patterns
of genetic differentiation and levels of genetic diversity among potentially isolated …

Characteristics of hosts and parasites have a genetic basis, and thus can be shaped by
coevolution. Infections measured under laboratory conditions have shown that the …

Parasites and infectious diseases are everywhere and represent some of the most potent
forces sha** the natural world. They affect almost every aspect imaginable in the life of …

Immune function is likely to be a critical determinant of an organism's fitness, yet most
natural animal and plant populations exhibit tremendous genetic variation for immune traits …

An organism's fitness is critically reliant on its immune system to provide protection against
parasites and pathogens. The structure of even simple immune systems is surprisingly …

Worldwide, marine and coastal ecosystems are heavily invaded by introduced species and
the potential role of parasites in the success and impact of marine invasions has been …

Virtually all organisms are colonized by microbes. Average temperatures are rising because
of global climate change–accompanied by increases in extreme climatic events and heat …

Daphnia and its parasites have become recognized as a model system for studying the
epidemiological, evolutionary and genetic interactions between hosts and parasites. The …

Over the last 20 years, ecological immunology has provided much insight into how
environmental factors shape host immunity and host–parasite interactions. Currently, the …

Genetic and environmental factors shape host susceptibility to infection, but how and how
rapidly environmental variation might alter the susceptibility of mammalian genotypes …