The AID/APOBEC polynucleotide cytidine deaminases have historically been classified as
either DNA mutators or RNA editors based on their first identified nucleic acid substrate …

Immunoglobulins emerging from B lymphocytes and capable of recognizing almost all kinds
of antigens owing to the extreme diversity of their antigen‐binding portions, known as …

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) are larger and can suffer from higher off-target activity or lower
on-target editing efficiency than current adenine base editors (ABEs). To develop a CBE that …

Around 3% of the genome consists of simple DNA repeats that are prone to forming
alternative (non-B) DNA structures, such as hairpins, cruciforms, triplexes (H-DNA), four …

Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID) initiates affinity maturation and isotype
switching by deaminating deoxycytidines within immunoglobulin genes, leading to somatic …

Guanine-rich DNA sequences can fold into stable four-stranded structures called G-
quadruplexes or G4s. Research in the past decade demonstrated that G4 structures are …

The initiation, progression, and relapse of cancers often result from mutations occurring
within somatic cells. Consequently, processes that elevate mutation rates accelerate …

Genomic DNA and cellular RNAs can form a variety of non-B secondary structures, including
G-quadruplex (G4) and R-loops. G4s are constituted by stacked guanine tetrads held …

Class switch recombination (CSR) at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) locus is
associated with the formation of R-loop structures over switch (S) regions. While these often …

Enzymes of the TET family are methylcytosine dioxygenases that undergo frequent
mutational or functional inactivation in human cancers. Recurrent loss-of-function mutations …