BACKGROUND The Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) region in south Asia is one of the most
heavily glacierized and vulnerable mountainous regions on Earth. The Indus, Ganges, and …

We present a comprehensive review of the status and changes in glacier length (since the
1850s), area and mass (since the 1960s) along the Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) region and …

Glaciers in the high mountains of Asia (HMA) make a substantial contribution to the water
supply of millions of people,, and they are retreating and losing mass as a result of …

Glaciers are key components of the mountain water towers of Asia and are vital for
downstream domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. The glacier mass loss rate over the …

The cryosphere is defined by the presence of frozen water in its many forms: glaciers, ice
caps, ice sheets, snow, permafrost, and river and lake ice. In the extended Hindu Kush …

INTRODUCTION On 25 April 2015, the Gorkha earthquake [magnitude (M) 7.8] struck Nepal,
followed by five aftershocks of≥ M 6.0 until 10 June 2015. The earthquakes killed~ 9000 …

Mountain ranges are the world's natural water towers and provide water resources for
millions of people. However, their hydrological balance and possible future changes in river …

Commonly described as the “water tower for Asia,” the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) plays
an important role in ensuring water, food, energy, and environmental security for much of the …

Future hydrological extremes, such as floods and droughts, may pose serious threats for the
livelihoods in the upstream domains of the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra. For this reason, the …

Knowledge about the coverage and characteristics of glaciers in High Mountain Asia (HMA)
is still incomplete and heterogeneous. However, several applications, such as modelling of …