Context The use of unidimensional pain scales such as the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS),
Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), or Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is recommended for …

Aim: The aim of the study was to find out the validity and reliability of visual analogue scale
in pain measurement. Methodology: A critical review was done for this study. Total ten …

Unlike wards, where chronic and acute pain are regularly managed, comparisons of the
most commonly used self-report pain tools have not been reported for the intensive care unit …

Background Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a regional muscular pain syndrome
characterised by the presence of trigger points, which are painful points in one or more …

Background Several pain rating methods are used to quantify pain. Although these
instruments have been extensively studied, their inter-agreement, especially in emergency …

Although the verbal numeric scale (VNS) is used frequently at patients' bedsides, it has
never been formally validated in children with acute pain. In order to validate this scale, a …

Objective To compare the analgesic effect of intra-articular (IA) and intravenous (IV)
morphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis. Animals Eight adult horses. Study …

Appropriate pain therapy prior to diagnosis in patients with acute abdominal pain remains
controversial. Several recent studies have demonstrated that pain therapy does not …

Background Prehospital care (PHC) pain evaluation is an essential patient assessment to
be performed by paramedics. Pain intensity is frequently assessed using Verbal Numerical …

Objectives To estimate the cumulative incidence of functional decline in independent older
adults 3 and 6 months after a minor injury treated in the emergency department (ED) and to …