Contrary to Warburg's original thesis, accelerated aerobic glycolysis is not a primary,
permanent and universal consequence of dysfunctional or impaired mitochondria …

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of
the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of …

Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types of cancers,
weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby …

Radiotherapy (RT) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells
and shrink tumors. Although great success has been achieved on radiotherapy, there is still …

Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications are hallmarks of cancer cells. In
cancer cells, metabolic pathway activity varies during tumorigenesis and cancer …

Epigenetic mechanisms play vital roles not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also
in the activation, differentiation and effector function (s) of immune cells. In this review, we …

Hypoxia represents a frequent player in a number of malignancies, contributing to the
development of the neoplastic disease. This review will discuss the means by which hypoxia …

Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective
pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the …

Background The TP53 gene is one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in
human cancers. p53 functions during cancer progression have been linked to a variety of …

During carcinogenesis, advanced tumors are surrounded by both stromal and immune cells,
which support tumor development. In addition, inflammation and angiogenesis are …