Background Maternal rectovaginal colonization with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the
most common pathway for GBS disease in mother, fetus, and newborn. This article, the …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) enhances the acquisition and transmission of a range of sexually
transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus. This has made it more …

Background Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of deaths among children< 5
years of age. Studies have suggested that group B Streptococcus (GBS) maternal …

Introduction Abnormal vaginal flora (AVF) before 14 gestational weeks is a risk factor for
preterm birth (PTB). The presence of aerobic microorganisms and an inflammatory response …

We updated a previously published meta-analysis to evaluate bacterial vaginosis (BV) and
intermediate vaginal flora as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. Selection criteria …

Classification of urinary tract infections (UTI) is important for clinical decisions, research,
quality measurement and teaching. Current definitions of UTI are above all based on the …

Background The vaginal microflora of a healthy asymptomatic woman consists of a wide
variety of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and species dominated by the facultative …

There is some evidence that the risk of HIV infection per heterosexual act is higher in low-
income countries than in high-income countries. We hypothesize that variations in per sex …

Background Women of childbearing age are commonly affected by bacterial vaginosis (BV).
Maternal–fetal outcomes associated with BV during pregnancy can be fatal for both the …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infections are common in women of reproductive age and are easily
diagnosed and treatable. Aside from being an annoyance when symptoms of discharge …