Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant proteins.
Its use as a cell factory is well-established and it has become the most popular expression …

Therapeutic protein drugs are an important class of medicines serving patients most in need
of novel therapies. Recently approved recombinant protein therapeutics have been …

Synonymous mutations—sometimes called'silent'mutations—are now widely acknowledged
to be able to cause changes in protein expression, conformation and function. The recent …

Recent advancements in gene supplementation therapy are expanding the options for the
treatment of neurological disorders. Among the available delivery vehicles, adeno …

Abstract mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a
major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely …

In all genomes, most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. Synonymous
codons can modulate protein production and folding, but the mechanism connecting codon …

This review summarizes our current understanding of translation in prokaryotes, focusing on
the mechanistic and structural aspects of each phase of translation: initiation, elongation …

Codon optimization describes gene engineering approaches that use synonymous codon
changes to increase protein production. Applications for codon optimization include …

Proper functioning of biological cells requires that the process of protein expression be
carried out with high efficiency and fidelity. Given an amino‐acid sequence of a protein …

The early events in the life of newly synthesized proteins in the cellular environment are
remarkably complex. Concurrently with their synthesis by the ribosome, nascent …