Interactions involving several parasite species (multi-parasitized hosts) or several host
species (multi-host parasites) are the rule in nature. Only a few studies have investigated …

The geographical range of the typically host-specific species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera)
is often assumed to be similar to that of their hosts. We tested this assumption by reviewing …

Organisms that have repeatedly evolved similar morphologies owing to the same selective
pressures provide excellent cases in which to examine specific morphological changes and …

Background Repeated adaptive radiations are evident when phenotypic divergence occurs
within lineages, but this divergence into different forms is convergent when compared across …

Wild bird feeding often results in high densities of birds, potentially facilitating transmission
of disease. Wild birds are major reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases, and although a …

Phoresy is a behaviour where one organism hitches a ride on another more mobile
organism. This is a common dispersal mechanism amongst relatively immobile species that …

Despite their extensive diversity and ecological importance, the history of diversification for
most groups of parasitic organisms remains relatively understudied. Elucidating broad …

Transmission to new hosts is a fundamental challenge for parasites. Some species meet this
challenge by hitchhiking on other, more mobile parasite species, a behaviour known as …

Competition–colonization trade‐off models explain the coexistence of competing species in
terms of a trade‐off between competitive ability and the ability to colonize competitor‐free …

Dispersal is a fundamental component of the life history of most species. Dispersal
influences fitness, population dynamics, gene flow, genetic drift and population genetic …