Osteoporosis is a silent disease without any evidence of disease until a fracture occurs.
Approximately 200 million people in the world are affected by osteoporosis and 8.9 million …

Osteoporosis is a common disease characterised by a systemic impairment of bone mass
and microarchitecture that results in fragility fractures. With an ageing population, the …

Estrogen is the major hormonal regulator of bone metabolism in women and men.
Therefore, there is considerable interest in unraveling the pathways by which estrogen …

Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research
on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been …

With ageing, bone tissue undergoes significant compositional, architectural and metabolic
alterations potentially leading to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone …

It is well known that the underlying mechanisms of osteoporosis in older adults are different
than those associated with estrogen deprivation. Age-related bone loss involves a gradual …

Osteoporosis, a disease endemic in Western society, typically reflects an imbalance in
skeletal turnover so that bone resorption exceeds bone formation. Bone resorption is the …

The adult skeleton regenerates by temporary cellular structures that comprise teams of
juxtaposed osteoclasts and osteoblasts and replace periodically old bone with new. A …

Immunology, already a discipline in its own right, has become a major part of many different
medical fields. However, its relationship to orthopedics and trauma surgery has …

Estrogen is critical for skeletal homeostasis and regulates bone remodeling, in part, by
modulating the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), an essential …