A numerical model for the structure-water-soil (layered)-rock (SWLR) system is proposed in
this paper to evaluate the system dynamic response, in which the fluid-solid coupling effect …

Several rubble mound breakwaters (RMB) were damaged and even collapsed during the
past tsunamis. The main reasons for the failure of the breakwaters occurred due to the …

The tsunamis severely damaged several coastal structures in the past, including dykes,
quay walls and breakwaters. The scouring of the foundation seabed has been identified as a …

The coastal areas in Japan suffered devastating damage due to the great East Japan
earthquake and tsunami in 2011. Breakwaters collapsed mainly because of foundation …

The widespread use of rubble-mound (RM) breakwaters along coasts across the world
highlights the importance of understanding their behavior during natural disasters such as …

Marine structures, such as composite breakwaters, may inevitably be located on loose
sandy profiles. So that the seismic-induced liquefaction of the sub-layers may significantly …

There are currently at least five aircraft runways built on the reclaimed coral sand
foundations in the South China Sea (SCS). The seismic dynamics and stability of the …

The rubble mound (RM) breakwater, which is a prevalent coastal structure worldwide, often
faces the significant challenge of tsunami-induced damage. Coastal regions which are …

A breakwater is an offshore structure which is constructed to protect ports and harbours from
the destructive effects of sea waves, currents, typhoons, and even tsunamis by reflecting and …

Identifying the collapse mechanism of a breakwater mound caused by overtop** and
seepage during extreme natural disasters is an essential element of a hazard mitigation …