The topological properties of an object, associated with an integer called the topological
invariant, are global features that cannot change continuously but only through abrupt …

Spatial light modulators, as dynamic flat-panel optical devices, have witnessed rapid
development over the past two decades, concomitant with the advancements in micro-and …

Abstract Effects connected with the mathematical theory of knots emerge in many areas of
science, from physics, to biology. Recent theoretical work discovered that the braid group …

Topological features embedded in ancient braiding and knotting arts endow significant
impacts on our daily life and even cutting-edge science. Recently, fast growing efforts are …

Möbius strips are three-dimensional geometrical structures, fascinating for their peculiar
property of being surfaces with only one “side”—or, more technically, being “nonorientable” …

Publisher Summary The widespread availability of spatially and temporally coherent laser
sources makes the production of optical vortices inevitable in any experiment involving …

Some 16 years ago, Allen et al.[Phys. Rev. A 45, 8185 (1992)] recognised that laser beams
which carried an angular momentum additional to photon spin, could be realized in the …

Knots are topological structures describing how a looped thread can be arranged in space.
Although most familiar as knotted material filaments, it is also possible to create knots in …

Optical knots and links have attracted great attention because of their exotic topological
characteristics. Recent investigations have shown that the information encoding based on …

Natural and artificially created light fields in three-dimensional space contain lines of zero
intensity, known as optical vortices,,. Here, we describe a scheme to create optical beams …