MicroComputed Tomography has become the gold standard for studying 3D microscopic
structures nondestructively, and this book provides up-to-date coverage of the modality. The …

Abnormal phenotypes have played significant roles in the discovery of gene function, but
organized collection of phenotype data has been overshadowed by developments in …

Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans, yet
little is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of …

The normal growth and development of the skull is a tightly regulated process that occurs
along the osteogenic interfaces of the cranial sutures. Here, the borders of the calvarial …

The mouse has been the dominant model organism in studies on the development, genetics
and evolution of the mammalian skull and associated soft‐tissue for decades. There is the …

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is an enzyme present on the surface of
mineralizing cells and their derived matrix vesicles that promotes hydroxyapatite crystal …

Growth of the craniofacial skeleton is a complex process controlled by both genetic and
epigenetic factors, perturbations of which can lead to varying degrees of dysmorphology …

Background Cat breeders observed a frequent occurrence of internal hydrocephalus in
Persian cats with extreme brachycephalic head morphology. Objective To investigate a …

Skull sutures serve as growth centers whose function involves multiple molecular pathways.
During periods of brain growth the sutures remain thin and straight, later develo** …

Background Chiari‐like malformation (CM) is a complex malformation of the skull and
cranial cervical vertebrae that potentially results in pain and secondary syringomyelia (SM) …