Network science has evolved into an indispensable platform for studying complex systems.
But recent research has identified limits of classical networks, where links connect pairs of …

Cooperation is key to prosperity in human societies. Population structure is well understood
as a catalyst for cooperation, where research has focused on pairwise interactions. But …

Simplicial complexes describe the simple fact that in social networks a link can connect
more than two individuals. As we show here, this has far-reaching consequences for …

To explore evolutionary dynamics of collective behaviors within the interconnected
population, previous studies usually map non-pairwise interactions to higher-order static …

The environment has a strong influence on a population's evolutionary dynamics. Driven by
both intrinsic and external factors, the environment is subject to continual change in nature …

Many human interactions feature the characteristics of social dilemmas where individual
actions have consequences for the group and the environment. The feedback between …

Heterogeneity is omnipresent in the real world, which plays a vital role in affecting the
evolution of cooperation. Within this paper, we will discard the hypothesis of deterministic …

Prosocial behaviours are encountered in the donation game, the prisoner's dilemma,
relaxed social dilemmas and public goods games. Many studies assume that the population …

How do networks of social interaction govern the emergence and stability of prosocial
behavior? Theoretical studies of this question typically assume unconditional behavior …

Individuals' strategy updating is an important factor in the spatial prisoner's dilemma game.
According to Bandura's social learning theory, adaptive behavior adjustment involves …