Despite centuries since the discovery and study of cancer, cancer is still a lethal and
intractable health issue worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained much …

Exosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic
multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including …

An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been
sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic molecule with numerous
clinical applications in treating central nervous system disorders, tumors, COVID-19, and …

As a new tumor treatment strategy, photothermal therapy (PTT) has the advantages of
accuracy, ease of administration, a high efficiency and low side effects. Photothermal …

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have a crucial role in protein synthesis, and in recent years, their
therapeutic potential for the treatment of genetic diseases—primarily those associated with a …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary factors that produces treatment failure in
patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex multifactorial phenomenon …

Exosomes are small phospholipid bilayer vesicles that are naturally produced by all living
cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The exosomes due to their unique size, reduced …

Cancer has recently surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of deaths worldwide for
the age group 45–65 and has been the primary focus for biomedical researchers. Presently …

Malignancy is a major public health problem and among the leading lethal diseases
worldwide. Although the current tumor treatment methods have therapeutic effect to a certain …