Towards an integrated view of escape decisions in birds: relation between flight initiation distance and distance fled
Highlights•Relationship between FID and distance fled was positive for heavier bird
species.•No relationship between FID and starting distance was found in urban …
species.•No relationship between FID and starting distance was found in urban …
Variation at the DRD4 locus is associated with wariness and local site selection in urban black swans
Background Interactions between wildlife and humans are increasing. Urban animals are
often less wary of humans than their non-urban counterparts, which could be explained by …
often less wary of humans than their non-urban counterparts, which could be explained by …
FEAR, spontaneity, and artifact in economic escape theory: a review and prospectus
Decision-making by prey about when to begin fleeing when approached by a predator have
been and are being studied intensively, producing a large theoretical and empirical …
been and are being studied intensively, producing a large theoretical and empirical …
Habituation is not neutral or equal: Individual differences in tolerance suggest an overlooked personality trait
In behavioral studies, observer effects can be substantial, even for habituated animals, but
few studies account for potential observer-related phenomenon empirically. We used wild …
few studies account for potential observer-related phenomenon empirically. We used wild …
Predator–prey interactions, flight initiation distance and brain size
Prey avoid being eaten by assessing the risk posed by approaching predators and
responding accordingly. Such an assessment may result in prey–predator communication …
responding accordingly. Such an assessment may result in prey–predator communication …
Do animals generally flush early and avoid the rush? A meta-analysis
Optimal escape theory predicts that animals should balance the costs and benefits of flight.
One cost of not fleeing is the ongoing cost of monitoring an approaching predator. We used …
One cost of not fleeing is the ongoing cost of monitoring an approaching predator. We used …
Disentangling the “many-eyes”,“dilution effect”,“selfish herd”, and “distracted prey” hypotheses in sha** alert and flight initiation distance in a colonial seabird
Group living is thought to have important antipredator benefits for animals, owing to the
mechanisms of shared vigilance (“many-eyes” hypothesis), risk dilution (“dilution effect” …
mechanisms of shared vigilance (“many-eyes” hypothesis), risk dilution (“dilution effect” …
Tourism influences escape behavior of lizards in relationship with human clothing color
Increased tourism pressure modifies animal behavior, including alterations in anti-predator
responses and foraging activity. In areas with high tourist presence, animals may become …
responses and foraging activity. In areas with high tourist presence, animals may become …
Novel effects of monitoring predators on costs of fleeing and not fleeing explain flushing early in economic escape theory
Economic escape theory predicts flight initiation distance (FID, predator–prey distance when
fleeing from an approaching predator begins), but currently cannot account for an observed …
fleeing from an approaching predator begins), but currently cannot account for an observed …
Beyond simple habituation: anthropogenic habitats influence the escape behaviour of spur‐winged lapwings in response to both human and non‐human threats
Habitat development may affect wildlife behaviour, favouring individuals or behaviours that
cope better with perceived threats (predators). Bolder behaviours in human‐dominated …
cope better with perceived threats (predators). Bolder behaviours in human‐dominated …