Most cancer-associated deaths occur due to metastasis, yet our understanding of metastasis
as an evolving, heterogeneous, systemic disease and of how to effectively treat it is still …

Hormone receptor (HR)‐positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐
negative breast cancer is defined by the presence of the estrogen receptor and/or the …

Background Adjuvant abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy previously showed a significant
improvement in invasive disease-free survival and distant relapse-free survival in hormone …

Importance Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard of care for axillary node
staging of patients with early breast cancer (BC), but its necessity can be questioned since …

Background Ribociclib has been shown to have a significant overall survival benefit in
patients with hormone receptor (HR)–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 …

The 17th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus Conference in 2021 was held
virtually, owing to the global COVID-19 pandemic. More than 3300 participants took part in …

Historically, studies of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow and circulating tumour
cells in peripheral blood have provided crucial insights into cancer biology and the …

Background For women with early-stage oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer,
adjuvant tamoxifen reduces 15-year breast cancer mortality by a third. Aromatase inhibitors …

Tumor immunotherapy exerts its anti-tumor effects by stimulating and enhancing immune
responses of the body. It has become another important modality of anti-tumor therapy with …

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common breast cancer subtype.
Treatment of ER+ breast cancer comprises interventions that suppress estrogen production …