MIC-1/GDF15 is a stress response cytokine and a distant member of the transforming growth
factor beta (TGFb) superfamily, with no close relatives. It acts via a recently identified …

GDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its
receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain …

Ferredoxins are a family of iron–sulfur (Fe-S) cluster proteins that serve as essential electron
donors in numerous cellular processes that are conserved through evolution. The …

Mitochondrial disorders represent a large collection of rare syndromes that are difficult to
manage both because we do not fully understand biochemical pathogenesis and because …

GDF15 is a cell activation and stress response cytokine of the glial cell line–derived
neurotrophic factor family within the TGF-β superfamily. It acts through a recently identified …

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine best known for affecting systemic
energy metabolism through its anorectic action. GDF15 expression and secretion from …

Mitochondrial diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders with a wide range
of clinical manifestations, most classically resulting in neurological, muscular, and metabolic …

Objective: To validate new mitochondrial myopathy serum biomarkers for diagnostic use.
Methods: We analyzed serum FGF21 (S-FGF21) and GDF15 from patients with (1) …

Aging leads to skeletal muscle atrophy (ie, sarcopenia), and muscle fiber loss is a critical
component of this process. The mechanisms underlying these age‐related changes …

Oxidative functions of adipose tissue macrophages control the polarization of M1-like and
M2-like phenotypes, but whether reduced macrophage oxidative function causes systemic …