The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a
global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Irreversible mixing of tracers and momentum in the ocean occurs via diffusion and friction at
the scale of molecules. That such molecular processes profoundly influence basin-scale …

Uncertainties in ocean-mixing parameterizations are primary sources for ocean and climate
modeling biases. Due to lack of process understanding, traditional physics-driven …

Abstract Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a
multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding …

The frequency and intensity of extreme events especially heat waves (HW) are growing all
around the world which ultimately poses a serious threat to the health of individuals. To …

In response to the Indian Monsoon freshwater forcing, the Bay of Bengal exhibits a very
strong seasonal cycle in sea surface salinity (SSS), especially near the mouths of the …

The Ekman dynamics of the ocean surface circulation is known to contain attracting regions
such as the great oceanic gyres and the associated garbage patches. Less well-known are …

Deep cycle mixing in the cold tongue of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is associated with a
mean flow regime in which the gradient Richardson number Ri (a ratio of stratification to …

The jets in the equatorial Pacific Ocean of a realistically forced global circulation model with
a horizontal resolution of cause a strong loss of phase coherence in semidiurnal internal …