Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the
history of life and the global carbon cycle during the past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification …

Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic algae that have a distinctive siliceous cell wall (frustule)
with unique architectures. The nanotopography of the frustule is perfectly replicated between …

In climate change scenarios, biotic and abiotic stresses are among the serious
environmental strains that limit agricultural productivity worldwide. Silicon (Si) compounds …

Bionic functional coating plays a pivotal role in promoting internal fixation treatment of bone
fracture. However, post-traumatic microenvironment characterized by hypoxia and acidic …

The silica cell wall of diatoms, a widespread group of unicellular microalgae, is an exquisite
example for the ability of organisms to finely sculpt minerals under strict biological control …

The silica-based cell walls of diatoms are prime examples of genetically controlled, species-
specific mineral architectures. The physical principles underlying morphogenesis of their …

Silicon, a highly biocompatible and ubiquitous chemical element in living systems, exhibits
great potentials in biomedical applications. However, the silicon-based nanomaterials such …

Cancer immunotherapies have improved human health, and one among the important
technologies for cancer immunotherapy is cancer vaccine. Antigens are the most important …

Electron microscopy in three dimensions (3D) of cells and tissues can be essential for
understanding the ultrastructural aspects of biological processes. The quest for 3D …

Manganese dioxide (MnO 2) with high theoretical capacity (1230 mAh/g) and low cost is
considered as a promising anode material for next generation high energy density lithium …