This is an extended version of my Nobel Lecture, delivered on December 8, 2021. I will
recall the genesis of the concept of multiple equilibria in natural sciences. I will then describe …

Memory and rejuvenation effects in the magnetic response of off-equilibrium spin glasses
have been widely regarded as the doorway into the experimental exploration of …

Phase transitions are ubiquitous across life, yet hard to quantify and describe accurately. In
this work, we develop an approach for characterizing generic attributes of phase transitions …

We review the main methods used to study spin glasses. In the first part, we focus on
methods for fully connected models and systems defined on a tree, such as the replica …

Replica symmetry breaking (RSB) for spin glasses predicts that the equilibrium configuration
at two different magnetic fields are maximally decorrelated. We show that this theory …

The study of spin-glass dynamics, long considered the paradigmatic complex system, has
reached important milestones. The availability of high-quality single crystals has allowed the …

Spin glass coherence lengths can be extracted from experiment and from numerical
simulations. They encompasses the correlated region, and their growth in time makes them …

On the basis of stochastic differential equations of conservation laws and the theory of
equivalence of measures, the dependence is obtained for the coefficient of hydraulic friction …

We unveil the multifractal behavior of Ising spin glasses in their low-temperature phase.
Using the Janus II custom-built supercomputer, the spin-glass correlation function is studied …

The effect of correlations in disorder variables is a largely unexplored topic in spin glass
theory. We study this problem through a specific example of correlated disorder introduced …