The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including
trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous …

It is well established that the gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and is
perturbed by several factors including antibiotics. Antibiotic‐induced changes in microbial …

Plant-associated microbiomes contribute to important ecosystem functions such as host
resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The factors that determine such community …

The intestinal epithelial lining, together with factors secreted from it, forms a barrier that
separates the host from the environment. In pathologic conditions, the permeability of the …

A number of mechanisms ensure that the intestine is protected from pathogens and also
against our own intestinal microbiota. The outermost of these is the secreted mucus, which …

Colon mucus segregates the intestinal microbiota from host tissues, but how it organizes to
function throughout the colon is unclear. In mice, we found that colon mucus consists of two …

Environmental pollutants have become an increasingly common health hazard in the last
several decades. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the profound …

The human microbiome is overly exposed to antibiotics, due, not only to their medical use,
but also to their utilization in farm animals and crops. Microbiome composition can be rapidly …

The severe infection is becoming a significant health problem which threaten the lives of
patients and the safety and economy of society. In the way of finding new strategy …

The gut microbiota is a highly complex community which evolves and adapts to its host over
a lifetime. It has been described as a virtual organ owing to the myriad of functions it …