Code duplication or copying a code fragment and then reuse by pasting with or without any
modifications is a well known code smell in software maintenance. Several studies show …

Previous research shows that most software systems contain significant amounts of
duplicated, or cloned, code. Some clones are exact duplicates of each other, while others …

The rapid, progressive diffusion of Web applications in several productive contexts of our
modern society is laying the foundations of a renewed scenario of software development …

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a language used for describing the look and formatting of
HTML documents. CSS has been widely adopted in web and mobile development practice …

With software maintenance costs averaging 50% of total computing costs, it is necessary to
have an effective maintenance program in place. Aging legacy systems, for example, pose …

Any attempt at automated software analysis or modification must be preceded by a
comprehension step, ie parsing. This task, while often considered straightforward, can in fact …

Many web applications use a mixture of HTML and scripting language code as the front-end
to business services, where scripts can run on both the client and server side. Analogously …

Code cloning is one of the active research areas in the software engineering community.
Specifically, researchers have conducted numerous empirical studies on code cloning and …

The transformation of a user interface mockup designed by a graphic designer to web
components in the final app built by a web developer is often laborious, involving manual …

Web sites of the first generation consist typically of a set of purely static Web pages. Content
and presentation are not separated, and a same page structure is replicated every time a …