Numerous marine sessile organisms adhere to ship hulls and increase the sailing
resistance. Antibiofouling paints are employed to maintain the ship performance. However …

Progress in materials science is associated with the development of nanomaterials in terms
of energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and low-cost methods. Since the use of tributyltin …

Marine fouling is a worldwide challenge with huge damages on industrial structures, side
effects on economics of industries, and environmental and safety-related hazards. Different …

1. INTRODUCTION Any surface immersed in seawater is subjected to the settlement of
marine organisms (bacteria, algae, mollusks), known as fouling or biofouling. This unwanted …

In the present study, the overall economic impact of hull fouling on a mid-sized naval surface
ship (Arleigh Burke-class destroyer DDG-51) has been analyzed. A range of costs …

Biofouling in marine aquaculture is a specific problem where both the target culture species
and/or infrastructure are exposed to a diverse array of fouling organisms, with significant …

Abstract'Marine biofouling', the undesired growth of marine organisms such as
microorganisms, barnacles and seaweeds on submerged surfaces, is a global problem for …

Biofouling increases drag on marine vessels resulting in higher fuel consumption and can
also facilitate the transport of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS). Antifouling …

Over the last few decades, the offshore wind energy industry has expanded its scope from
turbines mounted on foundations driven into the seafloor and standing in less than 60 m of …

There is an urgent need to develop effective and eco-friendly nanostructured coatings for
marine antifouling to replace traditional coatings, while ensuring they do not lead to …