The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological
responses. Long-and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the control of the cardiovascular
system and hydroelectrolyte balance, with an influence on organs and functions throughout …

Class CG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to form stable homodimers or
heterodimers critical for function, but the oligomeric status of class A and B receptors, which …

For hundreds of years, mankind has been influencing its sleep and waking state through the
adenosinergic system. For~ 100 years now, systematic research has been performed, first …

Membrane proteins play a most important part in metabolism, signaling, cell motility,
transport, development, and many other biochemical and biophysical processes which …

Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues.
Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein–coupled …

Melatonin receptors are seven transmembrane‐spanning proteins belonging to the GPCR
superfamily. In mammals, two melatonin receptor subtypes exist‐MT1 and MT2‐encoded by …

Increasing experimental and clinical evidence points toward a very important role for the gut
microbiome and its associated metabolism in human health and disease, including in …

Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden
our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the …