This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested …

Bile acids are soluble derivatives of cholesterol produced in the liver that subsequently
undergo bacterial transformation yielding a diverse array of metabolites. The bulk of bile …

Enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol generates numerous distinct bile acids that function both
as detergents that facilitate digestion and absorption of dietary lipids, and as hormones that …

Over the past decade, it has become apparent that bile acids are involved in a host of
activities beyond their classic functions in bile formation and fat absorption. The identification …

The gut microbiota is associated with metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin
resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as shown by correlative studies and by …

Abstract Background and Aims The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
and steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing at an alarming rate. The role of bile acids in the …

Liver cancer is an extraordinarily heterogeneous malignant disease among the tumors that
have so far been identified. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises most frequently in the …

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are involved in
various biological processes including metabolism, reproduction, and development. Upon …

Bile acids (BA) are amphipathic steroid acids synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. They
act as detergents to expedite the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and lipophilic …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is cause of the novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the last two years, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of …