Ageing is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the immune system
and its ability to function. The mechanisms that underlie these age‐related defects are broad …

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that acts as a major regulator of food intake and
energy homeostasis. It circulates both as a free and as a protein-bound entity. Leptin is …

The pathogenesis of cachexia in patients with uremia is unknown. We tested the hypothesis
that uremia-associated cachexia is caused by leptin signaling through the hypothalamic …

The increasing ratio of ageing population poses new challenges to healthcare systems. The
elderly frequently suffer from severe infections. Vaccination could protect them against …

The thymus is a lymphoid organ that selects T cells for release to the peripheral immune
system. Unfortunately, thymopoiesis is highly susceptible to damage by physiologic …

Numerous studies have suggested the importance of leptin against autoimmune diseases
such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis. To …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of most common chronic diseases with an increasing
incidence in most countries. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the earliest and main …

Background: Obesity is a growing health problem and associated with immune dysfunction.
Sepsis is defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome that occurs during infection …

Clinical wasting is an important risk factor for mortality in uremic patients and is reported to
have a prevalence of 30–60%.'Malnutrition'is often inappropriately used to describe a group …

The adipose-derived hormone leptin is well known for its contribution to energy metabolism
and satiety signaling in the hypothalamus. Previous studies suggested that obesity is an …