Gene expression is controlled in a dynamic and regulated manner to allow for the consistent
and steady expression of some proteins as well as the rapidly changing production of other …

Several macromolecular machines collaborate to produce eukaryotic messenger RNA. RNA
polymerase II (Pol II) translocates along genes that are up to millions of base pairs in length …

Pre-mRNA processing steps are tightly coordinated with transcription in many organisms. To
determine how co-transcriptional splicing is integrated with transcription elongation and 3 …

Transcription of eukaryotic genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) yields RNA precursors
containing introns that must be spliced out and the flanking exons ligated together. Splicing …

Cleavage and polyadenylation (pA) is a fundamental step that is required for the maturation
of primary protein encoding transcripts into functional mRNAs that can be exported from the …

The transcription of the HIV-1 provirus results in only one type of transcript—full length
genomic RNA. To make the mRNA transcripts for the accessory proteins Tat and Rev, the …

RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II and RNA processing are closely coupled during the
transcription cycle of protein‐coding genes. This coupling affords opportunities for quality …

Abstract 3′ end formation of pre-mRNAs is coupled to their transcription via the C-terminal
domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Nearly all protein-coding transcripts are …

Transcription elongation has emerged as a regulatory hub in gene expression of
metazoans. A major control point occurs during early elongation before RNA polymerase II …

During their synthesis in the cell nucleus, most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo a two‐step 3′‐
end processing reaction in which the pre‐mRNA is cleaved and released from the …