Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 is the cell surface binding site for the coronavirus SARS‐
CoV‐2, which causes COVID‐19. We propose that an imbalance in the action of ACE1‐and …

Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and
degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood volume,
electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. While the baroreceptor reflex …

Heart failure is considered an epidemic disease in the modern world affecting approximately
1% to 2% of adult population. It presents a multifactorial, systemic disease, in which—after …

Background: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in inflammation
and fibrosis. The classical axis of the RAS, formed by angiotensin converting en-zyme …

Sodium-glucose cotransporters inhibitors (SGLT2-i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-
RA) are glucose-lowering drugs that are proved to reduce the cardiovascular (CV) risk in …

Since the first identification of renin by Tigerstedt and Bergmann in 1898, the renin-
angiotensin system (RAS) has been extensively studied. The current view of the system is …

Rationale: The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of the cardiovascular
system, electrolyte, and water balance. Here, we report identification and characterization of …

The general goal of drug discovery is to identify novel compounds that are active against a
preselected biological target with acceptable pharmacological properties defined by …

In contrast to the wealth of proven therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
(HFrEF), therapeutic efforts in the past have failed to improve outcomes in heart failure with …