The global issues of climate change and marine litter are interlinked and understanding
these connections are key to managing their combined risks to marine biodiversity and …

The potential for Blue Carbon ecosystems to combat climate change and provide co-benefits
was discussed in the recent and influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Our current 1.1 C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe
(very high confidence1). Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or …

The deep sea is amongst the most food‐limited habitats on Earth, as only a small fraction (<
4%) of the surface primary production is exported below 200 m water depth. Here, cold …

Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing
acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food …

Cold-water corals (CWCs) are the engineers of complex ecosystems forming unique
biodiversity hotspots in the deep sea. They are expected to suffer dramatically from future …

The bamboo-coral Isidella elongata is a key habitat-forming species in the deep
Mediterranean Sea. This alcyonacean is listed as an indicator of Vulnerable Marine …

The ocean plays a crucial role in the functioning of the Earth System and in the provision of
vital goods and services. The United Nations (UN) declared 2021–2030 as the UN Decade …

A global network of subsea telecommunications cables underpins our daily lives, enabling>
95% of global digital data transfer, $ trillions/day in financial trading, and providing critical …