Emulsions frequently encountered in petroleum production, include water-in-oil (W/O)
emulsions, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions, which …

Despite the progress made on renewable energy, oil and gas remains the world's primary
energy source. Meanwhile, large amounts of oil deposits remain unrecovered after …

Nowadays, the output of light crude oil is approaching its peak, which has shifted the
attentions of petroleum industry to a large quantity of heavy oil and bitumen in order to offset …

Since the introduction of ionic liquids (IL) in 1914, there has been a growing interest in this
class of materials, because of their unique properties. Ionic liquids are organic salts, melting …

With the ever increasing demand for energy to meet the needs of growth in population and
improvement in the living standards in particular in develo** countries, the abundant …

Surfactant injection into a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir is one of the ways to reduce
residual oil saturation, thereby enhancing crude oil production. However, surfactants …

Unconventional petroleum ores have been considered to be an important part of petroleum
resources and an important alternative source of chemicals and energy supply. Extremely …

Abstract Water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions can be used to encapsulate and control the release
of bioactive compounds for nutrition fortification in fat‐based food products. However, long …

Interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability alteration (WA) are important enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) mechanisms that help displace residual oil from the reservoir. Many studies …

Nearly half of the world's known oil reserves are in the carbonate rocks. Water flooding
recovery from these reservoirs is low and therefore, these reservoirs are good candidates for …