It has been established that wood decay and cavities in tree stems contribute significantly to
tree failures. Several techniques have been reported by researchers for detecting wood …

This book is the updated revision of the German edition “Holz-und Baumpilze” from 1994.
Errors were corrected and new results were included. Particularly the chapter “Identification” …

Forest conservation has become one of the most important environmental issues currently
facing humanity, as a result of widespread deforestation and forest degradation. Pressures …

The decay of wood in a standing tree is often the cause of tree failure. However, the accurate
measurement of decay and the non-invasive sensing is still in its infancy. A review of the …

Sonic tomography and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) were used to detect and
quantify internal decay in living trees. Twenty-two cross-sectional images, representing …

The evaluation of wood in a tree trunk is essential for tree risk assessment; however, the
accurate measurement of decay is still in its infancy. A review of the current methods used …

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is traditionally applied to smooth surfaces in which the
assumption of half-space is an adequate approximation that does not deviate much from …

Key message Using several experimental approaches, we have demonstrated that electrical
resistivity tomography (ERT) is a reliable nondestructive tool for estimating the moisture …

The increasing demand for tree and forest health monitoring due to ongoing climate change
requires new future-oriented and nondestructive measurement techniques. Electrical …

Ash dieback, acute oak decline (AOD), and Xylella Fastidiosa are emerging infectious
diseases (EIDs) that have spread rapidly in European forests during the last decade …