Water solubility and structural stability are key merits for proteins defined by the primary
sequence and 3D-conformation. Their manipulation represents important aspects of the …

Redox reactions play important roles in almost all biological processes, including
photosynthesis and respiration, which are two essential energy processes that sustain all life …

Protein design is a valuable tool for understanding the fundamental factors that dictate
protein structure and function. The field of protein design has seen significant progress over …

Redox potentials are a major contributor in controlling the electron transfer (ET) rates and
thus regulating the ET processes in the bioenergetics. To maximize the efficiency of the ET …

Engineered proteins, especially enzymes, are now commonly used in many industries
owing to their catalytic power, specific binding of ligands, and properties as materials and …

Decades of research on the physical processes and chemical reaction-pathways in
photosynthetic enzymes have resulted in an extensive database of kinetic information …

The de novo design of membrane proteins remains difficult despite recent advances in
understanding the factors that drive membrane protein folding and association. We have …

Nature has evolved diverse electron transport proteins and multiprotein assemblies
essential to the generation and transduction of biological energy. However, substantially …

Electron transfer (ET) across proteins is one of the fundamental processes in nature. While
trying to decipher and understand natural ET, much scientific effort has been employed in …

Heme-containing integral membrane proteins are at the heart of many bioenergetic
complexes and electron transport chains. The importance of these electron relay hubs …