Genetically engineered corn and cotton that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the
bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used to manage insect pests in the United …

Evolution of resistance in pests can reduce the effectiveness of insecticidal proteins from
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produced by transgenic crops. We analyzed results of 77 studies …

Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) have improved pest management and reduced reliance on insecticide …

The highly polyphagous Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is a quarantine
agricultural pest for the American continents. Historically H. armigera is thought to have …

Transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first
commercialized in 1996. By 2009, Bt crops were planted on ca. 47.6 Mha in 22 countries …

The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major target pest
of pyramided Bt maize and cotton in the US In 2017 and 2018, notable ear damage and …

Since its introduction and establishment in Brazil in 2013 and subsequent spread through
most of Latin America, the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), has become …

Abstract Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) and Spodoptera
frugiperda (JE Smith) have caused significant damage on soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill …

Both maize and cotton genetically engineered to express Bt toxins are widely planted and
important pest management tools in the United States. Recently, Helicoverpa zea …

The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is managed in corn and cotton in the United
States primarily using transgenic cultivars that produce insecticidal proteins from the …