Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with functions similar to those
of normal stem cells. Although few in number, they are capable of self-renewal, unlimited …

Tumor vaccination is a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy because it presents
high specificity and few side effects. However, tumor vaccines that contain only a single …

Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is a small, highly glycosylated cell adhesion protein that
is normally expressed by immune as well as epithelial, neural, and muscle cells. Tumor …

Neoantigen-based cancer vaccines are promising for boosting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)
responses. However, the therapeutic effect of cancer vaccines is severely blunted by …

Exploration of tumor immunity leads to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and
cell-based immunotherapies which improve the clinical outcomes in several tumor types …

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive subtype of lung cancer, accounting for
approximately 15% among all lung cancers. Despite the ability of chemotherapy, the first …

The efficacy of conventional anti-tumor immunotherapeutic approaches is markedly affected
by the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumor. Since adenosine is one of the main …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, and tumor antigen-loaded
DCs (DC-vaccines) can activate tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in lymphatic …

Abstract Treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved dramatically over the last
decade, shifting from high-dose cytokine therapy in combination with surgical resection of …

Background: Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H, member 1 (SERPINH1) is a gene encoding
a member of the serpin superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors. The upregulated of …