Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to
tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical …

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its treatment and outcomes have been
dramatically revolutionised by targeted therapies. As the most frequently mutated oncogene …

Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic rewiring in malignant cells supports tumour
progression not only by providing cancer cells with increased proliferative potential and an …

Tumor evolution is driven by the progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic
alterations that enable uncontrolled growth and expansion to neighboring and distal tissues …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease notoriously resistant to
therapy,. This is mediated in part by a complex tumour microenvironment, low vascularity …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Canada and a significant cause of
morbidity for patients and their loved ones. There have been rapid advances in preventing …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the clinical management of multiple
tumours. However, only a few patients respond to ICIs, which has generated considerable …

Multiple cancers regulate oxidative stress by activating the transcription factor NRF2 through
mutation of its negative regulator, KEAP1. NRF2 has been studied extensively in KEAP1 …

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer. Activating mutations in codon 12,
especially G12D, have the highest prevalence across a range of carcinomas and …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains a rich source of nutrients that sustains cell
growth and facilitate tumor development. Glucose and glutamine in the TME are essential for …